VEGFA and neoplasm: In addition, Krupski et al. [18], Jackson et al. [19], and Puyromaure et al. [20] studied the role of VEGF in the tissue-specific in vivo growth of PCa cells to examine its biologic impact on prostate tumors to promote angiogenesis and autocrine regulation of tumor growth, finding that VEGF acts as a multifunctional cytokine in prostate tumors and may have a prognostic impact in clinically-localized PCa.