Combinations of anti-OX40 with fractionated radiotherapy, interleukin (IL)-12 and anti–4-1BB, anti–CTLA-4 and CpG oligonucleotides, anti-CD25 and anti–CTLA-4 with adoptive cell transfer, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β inhibition, or IL-2 improved antitumor responses, tumor rejection, long-term survival, and/or resistance to tumor rechallenge in mice bearing various cancers [64,71-75]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.