In this study, IL-6 (20,662.2 ± 28,447.0 pg/ml vs. 4,262.5 ± 11,769.6 pg/ml, p < 0.001), IL-1β (749.8 ± 2,383.8 pg/ml vs. 95.5 ± 561.1 pg/ml, p < 0.05), and IL-8 (24,439.7 ± 42,733.5 pg/ml vs. 577.0 ± 816.1 pg/ml, p < 10−6) levels were significantly increased in HHH patients as compared with patients without HHH, while IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 concentrations showed no statistically significant differences between the HHH and non-HHH groups (Fig. 3a, Table 3, and ESM Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and ornithine translocase deficiency.