A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that H-FABP was an independent predictor of future all-cause mortality after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, previous cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, MetS, CKD, AF, and BNP (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.45; P = 0.0231; Figure 3A). Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.