In addition, a significant number of studies [but not all (Yang et al., 2007)] find that CaMKII activation increases SR Ca2+ leak (Maier et al., 2003; Currie et al., 2004; Guo et al., 2006; Curran et al., 2007) and that the SR Ca2+ leak that is characteristically increased in heart failure (Kirchhefer et al., 1999; Marx et al., 2000; Ai et al., 2005) may be prevented by specific CaMKII inhibition (Wu et al., 2002; Ai et al., 2005; Curran et al., 2010; Sossalla et al., 2010; Respress et al., 2012), but not by PKA inhibition (Curran et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene CAMK2G and heart failure.