In humans inactivating mutations of TFR2 lead to hemochromatosis type 3 (Camaschella et al., 2000), a rare recessive disorder characterized by iron overload, low hepcidin levels (Nemeth et al., 2005) and inability to properly regulate hepcidin after an oral iron challenge (Girelli et al., 2011). The gene discussed is HAMP; the disease is Tangier disease.