In the human kidney, the transcellular route is the major pathway for urate transport since loss of function mutations in either URAT1 or GLUT9/URATv1 cause renal hypouricemia (Enomoto et al. 2002; Ichida et al. 2004; Anzai et al. 2008; Matsuo et al. 2008; Dinour et al. 2010). The gene discussed is SLC22A12; the disease is hypouricemia, renal.