CD4 and HIV infectious disease: Our data showed that all these combinations were significantly higher on CD4+ T-cells of HIV+S compared to HIV+NS (P = 0.001; P<0.0001 and P = 0.005) and HIVnegNS (P = 0.001; P<0.0001and P = 0.0001) (Fig. 3G, 3H and 3I) indicating a significant impact of smoking on T-cell immune exhaustion in HIV infection.