In 2003, it was noted that the serum from 4 of our patients with sJIA, when cultured with PBMCs from healthy donors, upregulated the transcription of genes in the IL-1 cytokine/cytokine receptor family in addition to chemokines involved in chemotaxis of stem cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes, and DCs[66]. Here, IL1B is linked to systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.