Others have found that liraglutide inhibits high-glucose induced endoplasmic reticulum stress [42], and also TNFα induced markers of endothelial dysfunction such as PAI-1 [43], ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) [44]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and endothelial dysfunction.