Dimitrow et al. showed enhanced concentrations of thrombin, thrombin–antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) in patients with AS [30]. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is aortic valve stenosis.