Patients with valvular AS showed enhanced platelet SDF-1 expression compared to patients with non-valvular disease (NV) both with ACS and SAP [mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for ACS (AS vs. NV): 75±40.4 vs. 39.5±23.3; P = 0.002; for SAP (AS vs. NV): 54.9±44.6 vs. 24.3±11.2; P = 0.008] (Fig. 2A,B). The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is aortic valve stenosis.