However, insulin-entrapped chitosan particles have poor colloidal stability and are pH-responsive, readily dissociating and dissolving in the acidic gastric conditions.17 Thus, although the therapeutic effect is fast and intense after oral administration of insulin-chitosan nanoparticles, the oral pharmacological activity is highly variable.2 Another consequence of unpredictable burst release and action is that it may induce a rapid or erratic fall in circulating glucose level, leading to problematic hypoglycemia when used clinically. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hypoglycemia.