CTGF and transgelin, both downstream mediators of TGF-β and both regulated in a TGF-β/Smad3 dependent fashion [12], [13], contribute to TGF-β dependent airway/vascular remodelling processing in BPD [9], [11], [14]–[16]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.