PIR and diabetes mellitus: This was done because gene symbols mapping to an annotation term may be either up- or down-regulated in association with that keyword, biological process, etc. In our analysis, the top annotation keywords (all with p<10−8) for diabetes-associated changes in kidney gene expression were: the SP PIR keywords endoplasmic reticulum, stress response, oxidoreductase, chaperone, and nadp; the cellular compartment GO terms endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum part, vesicular fraction, and microsome; the biological process GO term oxidation reduction; and the KEGG pathway drug metabolism.