INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the destructive effects of chronic exposure of FFA on β cell survival T2DM is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell dysfunction resulting in defective glucose-induced insulin secretion and β cell dysfunction and loss through apoptosis [3], [4], [26] which is thought to largely contribute to development and progression of T2DM.