TGFB1 and malaria: We have previously shown that although iRBC-mediated induction of Foxp3hi T cells does rely on T effector-produced IL-2 and is further driven by cytokines such as IL-10 and TGFβ, in itself it is not dependent on MHC class II antigen-presentation and those cells therefore not necessarily malaria antigen-specific (Scholzen et al., 2009).