Twnty five (25) known oncogenes or genes whose expression is directly related to formation of malignant tumors also were identified (anapc7, btg1, cdc26, cdt1, ctnnb1, cyld, ddb2, rchy1, metap2, eif3e, rap1b, rps3, ssx2ip, ergic2, mcl1, msh6, tcirg1, tmbim6, rad23a usp11, g2e3, apex1, metap2, mrps30, and hsp90ab1), and approximately 72.0% of these were, on average, up-regulated in fish that spawned poor quality eggs (Fig. 4, see also Table S2). Here, MSH6 is linked to cancer.