NFKB1 and Hyperglycemia: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that vinpocetine ameliorates hyperglycemia-facilitated neointimal formation in vivo and attenuates HG-stimulated VSMCs chemokinesis, proliferation and apoptotic resistance in vitro by blocking ROS production and affecting the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways.