In human AD patients, the expression of several immature neuronal markers (doublecortin (DCX), polysialylated nerve cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD), and βIII-tubulin) appears to be increased [89], while the expression of the mature neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein (MAP) was found to be dramatically decreased [90] in the DG of the hippocampus. This evidence concerns the gene DCX and Alzheimer disease.