STAT1 and neoplasm: Consistent with the results shown in Figure 2B, HCT116 and Hke-3 cells that were co-cultured with normal fibroblasts, but not myofibroblasts isolated from a CD patient, showed increased levels of pSTAT1 (Y701), confirming that fibroblast-derived factor(s) induce STAT1 activation in tumor cells (Figure 2C).