IL6 and ulcer disease: Villar et al. [159] demonstrated that highly invasive strains of C. albicans triggered higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in epithelial cells and IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein- (MCP-) 1, MCP-2, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) in endothelial cells. C. glabrata was associated with oral ulcerations in HSCT recipients, as described by Laheij et al. [51].