IL27 and coinfection: IL-27 titer was significantly upregulated in the HIV-infected individuals compared to healthy controls, as shown in the box-plot of Figure 1 (HIV mono-infection versus control: 675±334 pg/ml versus 410±226 pg/ml, mean ± SD, P<0.001; HIV/HCV co-infection versus Control: 678±300 pg/ml versus 410±226 pg/ml, P<0.001); there was, however, no statistical difference between the HIV mono-infection and the HIV/HCV co-infection individuals (675±334 pg/ml versus 678±200 pg/ml).