TLR9 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In addition to this specificity, the relevant cellular activation profile of MGN1703 is distinct to that of other TLR9 agonists, such as PF-3512676, which failed to show benefit compared with chemotherapy alone in two phase III trials in NSCLC (Hirsh et al. 2011; Manegold et al. 2012).