AKT1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: By contrast, a number of mitogenic factors, such as EGF, have been reported to induce β-catenin signalling (Ding et al., 2005; Lu et al., 2003; Morali et al., 2001; Müller et al., 2002); EGFR can drive protein kinase B (AKT)–β-catenin-mediated maintenance of nasopharyngeal cancer stem cells (Ma et al., 2013), and various RTKs have been reported to activate canonical Wnt–β-catenin signalling in murine chondrocytes (Krejci et al., 2012).