There is ample evidence that the infiltration of neutrophils, among other leukocytes, mediates tubular injury and plays a key role in the development of acute renal failure (ARF) [62], where depletion of the peripheral neutrophils mediates protection against ARF and the use of an anti-ICAM-1 therapy offered a beneficial role in ARF [6]. The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is acute kidney injury.