PTK2 and cancer: Recently, some experiments have shown the importance of several key molecules or signaling pathways in promoting cell migration, invasion and matrix remodeling, in particular, VM formation by aggressive malignant tumor cells, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), laminin-5γ2 (Ln-5γ2) chain, epithelial cell kinase (ECK2)/EphA2, FAK, tissue factor and its pathway inhibitor and vascular endothelial growth factor α, and others [12].