MAPK8 and leukemia: Recently, several lines of evidence suggested that NCTD-induced apoptosis in the anticancer effects on human tumor cells, such as leukemia K562 cells, HL-60 cells and GBC-SD cells, might correlate with arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase, inhibiting DNA synthesis, influencing cell metabolism, regulating apoptotic-related genes through mitochondrial and caspase pathways, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun-NH2- terminal kinase (JNK) and p38MAPK[36]-[40], [51]-[60].