The anti-invasive and differentiation-promoting effects, shown here by increased spheroid symmetry or roundness, exerted by the non-competitive guanylyl cyclase (GC) and adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitors BPIPP and KH7, and PAK1-inhibitor IPA3 are clearly seen on invasive (PC3, PC-3M Pro 4), and branching RWPE-1 cells, also to some degree on the breast cancer line MDA-MB-231 (Figure 6B). This evidence concerns the gene PAK1 and breast carcinoma.