CD4 and squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia: HIV positive status (OR: 5.8; 95% CI: 3.3–10.0), non-use of antiretroviral drugs by HIV positives (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3–3.7), viral load more than 1000 copies/ml (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.4), and CD4 cells count of less than 200 cells/mm3 (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 1.9–7.9) were also found to be at increased risk of SIL.