CXCL12 and Encephalopathy: The chemokine CXCL12/SDF1 has been found to play important roles in several processes involved in ischemic stroke and its’ subsequent repair (Wang et al., 2012), brain tumor pathogenesis (Rempel et al., 2000; Duda et al., 2011), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy (Li and Ransohoff, 2008), Multiple Sclerosis and stem cell migration (Carbajal et al., 2010).