Full restoration of FOXO activity in primary CML CD34+ cells correlated with a dramatic decrease in CCND1/Cyclin D1 mRNA level, and modulation of key FOXO target genes, ATM, p57/CDKN1C, and BCL6, which are all required for maintenance of HSC/LSCs 18,35,36. Here, ATM is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.