TMEM115 and breast carcinoma: As shown in Fig. 1A, TMEM115 is ubiquitously expressed as a protein of ∼35 kDa in the examined cell lines; with the highest expression level in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t, both of which are invasive breast cancer cells (Kirschmann et al., 1999; Paciotti and Tamarkin, 1988).