Furthermore, observations that the most common autoantibody targets in human diseases are HMGN1/HMG-14 and HMGN2/HMG-17, which are preferentially associated with the nucleosomes of transcriptionally active chromatin, suggests that functionally and structurally distinct forms of nucleosomes are the inciting immunogens in autoimmune disease. Here, HMGN2 is linked to autoimmune disease.