HMGB1 and Cerebral ischemia: The proinflammatory roles of HMGB1 have been reported in acute lung inflammation [150], atherosclerosis, and restenosis after vascular damage [151], hepatic injury after murine liver ischemia reperfusion [152], acute pancreatitis [153], rheumatoid arthritis [154], pulmonary fibrosis [155], cerebral ischemia [156], Kawasaki disease [157], cold ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation [158], acute appendicitis [159], systemic inflammatory response syndrome [160, 161], febrile seizures [162], hyperlipidemia [163], preeclampsia [164], and models of liver failure [165–167].