TNF and tuberculosis: Selective targeting of TB-specific CD4+ T-cells, functional derangement of CD4+ T cells with skewing of polyfunctionality (IFN-γ, TNFα and IL-2 production) or skewing of cytokine production patterns have been advocated.72,73,74–77 No precise CD4-associated mechanism has been so far pinpointed, however, to explain how CD4+ T cells accomplish control of M. tuberculosis in some patients but fail in others.