The view of a mechanical containment in granulomas following TNFα induction is being replaced with a new perspective indicating that granuloma formation is induced by pathogenic mycobacteria through mechanism(s) including ESAT-6-induced25 MMP-9 production.35 Thus early granulomas favor increased macrophage accumulation, mycobacterial replication, and systemic MTB spread. Here, MMP9 is linked to Granuloma.