In the further stratified and sensitivity analyses, significantly decreased lung cancer risk was found for XPF Arg415Gln (dominant model: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71–0.96; Arg/Gln versus Arg/Arg: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71–0.97; additive model: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.72–0.95) and significantly increased other cancer risk was found among hospital-based studies for XPG Asp1104His (dominant model: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02–1.49). The gene discussed is ERCC4; the disease is cancer.