As shown in Fig. 5, AS101-induced up-regulation of p53 (Fig. 5A and B) in cultured iB16 melanoma cells caused a decrease in antioxidant enzyme expression (Fig. 5C and D) but did not affect nuclear levels of Nrf2 (Fig. 5A and B).This effect was reversed by using anti-p53 antisense oligonucleotides (Fig. 5), indicating that p53 can influence Nrf-2-dependent antioxidant enzyme expression. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to melanoma.