BDNF and schizophrenia: Previous studies have shown BDNF mRNA levels to be decreased in deep layers V and VI in DLPFC in schizophrenia;10,11 however, these studies also showed significant reductions in BDNF in layer III10 and in layers II and III.11 Whereas BDNF mRNA levels in our study were also lower in superficial cortical layers in schizophrenia (by 36% in LII and 20% in LIII) as compared with controls, they did not reach statistical significance (Supplementary Table S3).