Examples include activation of PPAR-γ and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the liver of mice with genetic PI3K/AKT pathway activation or JAK/STAT pathway deficiency (Horie et al. 2004; Mueller et al. 2011; Sos et al. 2011) and the involvement of upregulated NF-κB and hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways in MCD diet-induced NASH (Dela Pena et al. 2005; Syn et al. 2012). The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.