As fenofibrate reversed the diabetes-induced detrimental renal effects in db/db mice, we evaluated the effects of fenofibrate on high glucose-induced oxidative stress and the effects of apoptosis related to the AMPK-PGC-1α-ERR-1α signaling and their downstream effecters the PI3K-Akt-FoxOs axis, in cultured mesangial cells. The gene discussed is PRKAA2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.