PPARA and diabetic kidney disease: In addition, the increased activity of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and carbohydrate regulatory element binding protein-1 (ChREBP-1) and decreased activity of phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pACC) most likely also play a role in increased free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis and accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in diabetic kidney disease and PPARα activation can suppress the SREBP pathway through the reduction of liver X receptor (LXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) formation in the liver [16].