The genes for sex-determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1) and paired box gene 1 (PAX1) have been reported as potential methylation biomarkers and studies have demonstrated their promise in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) grade 3 and worse lesions (CIN3+) 28,35. The gene discussed is PAX1; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.