VIM and Alexander disease: Interestingly, some of the BMAA-induced enriched proteins in the histopathologically altered area, such as plectin, GFAP, vimentin, Hsp 27, and ubiquitin, are known to form complex astrocytic inclusions, the so-called Rosenthal fibers, in the neurodegenerative disorder Alexander disease (Hagemann et al. 2009).