KRAS and cholangiocarcinoma: We had previously demonstrated that the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 exerted antitumor effects in CCA cells in pathways involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit α (PI3K)/v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 protein kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [11].