Neuroinflammation, including increases in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as microglia activation, has been reported to contribute to the cognitive impairment induced by surgery under anesthesia ([6], [7], [8], [9], reviewed in [10]). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is Cognitive impairment.