TNF and tuberculosis: In another study, high frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing three cytokines simultaneously (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) was found in adults with active TB disease, as compared to the frequency found in LTBI subjects, in which IFN-γ single and IFN-γ/IL-2 dual secreting CD4 T cells dominated the anti-mycobacterial response.