TGFB1 and glomerulosclerosis: The aberrant secretion and activation of TGFβ1 results in excess extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation through activating the transcription of ECM genes (type I collagen, type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin) thereby leading to glomerulosclerosis, and further to the direct stimulation of ECM proteins TGFβ1 has a key role in causing the secretion of additional pro-fibrotic growth factors such as connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) which compounds the matter (Ziyadeh et al., 1994; Phanish et al., 2005; Niculescu-Duvaz et al., 2007).