The powerful pro-fibrogenic growth factor TGFβ1 is involved in a variety of processes that cover apoptosis, migration, adhesion, differentiation, and anti-proliferative responses, but crucially it also plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetic nephropathy where it has been shown to accumulate in injured kidneys (Khalil, 1999; Reeves and Andreoli, 2000; Goldfarb and Ziyadeh, 2001; Siegel and Massagué, 2003; Chuang and He, 2009). Here, TGFB1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.