ATF4 and Alzheimer disease: The molecules that undergo the gene-specific translational upregulation via eIF2α phosphorylation include the β-secretase enzyme BACE1 (De Pietri Tonelli et al., 2004; Lammich et al., 2004; Mihailovich et al., 2007; O’Connor et al., 2008; Devi and Ohno, 2010) and the CREB repressor ATF4 (CREB-2; Harding et al., 2000; Vattem and Wek, 2004), which are closely associated with the development of AD pathology and deficient memory formation (Figure 1).