CD14 and infection: By analysing gene expression of CD14, infiltration of mononuclear cells into affected sites could be confirmed, with higher expression of CD14 at osteolytic sites compared to muscle (2132.9 ± 1487.9 CD14 gene transcripts versus 864.6 ± 512.5 in muscle in patients with infection; 671.7 ± 479.2 versus 316.6 ± 189.9 in patients with aseptic loosening) and higher expression in patients with infection compared to tissue from aseptic loosening (Figure 1).