Treatment of T1D with teplizumab or otelixizumab – monoclonal antibodies to CD3, which is present on T cells – transiently preserved insulin-secreting function in some subjects (Herold et al., 2005; Keymeulen et al., 2010; Herold et al., 2013b). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.