Conversely, several studies, including ours, have suggested that RanBPM has tumour suppressor functions by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation and migration (Atabakhsh et al., 2009; Atabakhsh and Schild-Poulter, 2012; Kramer et al., 2005; Suresh et al., 2010). Here, RANBP9 is linked to neoplasm.