FBXO32 and cancer: Such treatments efficiently counteract the expression of genes associated with the muscle protein breakdown observed in cancer cachexia (i.e., Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1) On the contrary, fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist (Castillero et al., 2011), and α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) (Gomez-Sanmiguel et al., 2013) ameliorate the pathophysiology of muscles in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model by preventing the overexpression of Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and myostatin observed in RA (Castillero et al., 2011; Gomez-Sanmiguel et al., 2013).