TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: For all treatment groups (*, NaCl,**, LCT; ***, LCT/MCT; § LCT/MCT/FO; P <0.05), we could measure a significant increase of TNF-α concentrations 4 h after ARDS induction (4,716 ± 499 pg/ml; NaCl), followed by a steady decrease at 24 h (303 ± 50 pg/ml; NaCl) and 48 h (218 ± 25 pg/ml; NaCl) after LPS-stimulation.